Terminology


 * **Pan** || Side-to-side (◄ ►) camera movement. ||
 * **Tilt** || Up-and-down (▲▼) camera movement. ||
 * **Zoom** || In-and-out camera movement (↕) (i.e. closer and more distant) using the zoom ring. ||
 * **Iris (Exposure)** || The opening which lets light into the camera. A wider iris means more light and a brighter picture. ||
 * **White balance** || Adjusting the colours until they look natural and consistent with the white balance button. ||
 * **Shutter** || Analogous to the shutter in a still camera. ||
 * **Audio** || Sound which is recorded to go with the pictures. ||


 * **Neutral Density (ND)** || A colour-neutral filter which absorbs light evenly throughout the visible spectrum. Used to reduce the amount of light coming through the lens in strong lighting situations. ||
 * **Ultra Violet (UV)** || Video cameras are sensitive to both visible light and ultra violet (UV) light. UV is invisible to humans but it can create a blue tinge and/or washed-out effect on video, especially outside. A UV filter removes UV light while leaving visible light intact. UV filters are also commonly used as a protective filter for the lens. ||
 * **Polarizing** || A special type of lens which removes polarized light, reducing the washed-out effect sometimes created by reflected light. This results in more saturated, vibrant colours. Polarized filters are usually mounted with a rotational adjustment to align the polarization. ||
 * **Diffusion** || Effectively blurs the image for a slightly soft look. A mild diffusion filter can be used to soften faces (remove wrinkles etc), a stronger filter can be used to create a dream-sequence effect. ||
 * **Sepia** || Creates a sepia-tone effect, commonly used to depict historical images or flashbacks. ||
 * **Fog** || Creates a fog effect. ||
 * **Colour Conversion / Correction** || Adjusts the colour temperature of the light. ||
 * **Star Effect** || Makes single points of light stretch out in various star patterns. This effect is created by numerous fine etches in the filter, and can be used to give a dramatic, sophisticated or glamorous look to the image. ||